Image Watermarking using Firefly Algorithm–IWT-SVD for Copyright Protection

Authors

Anjahul Khuluq, Faculty of Information Technology, Universitas Nusa Mandiri, Pasar Minggu Jakarta Selatan, Jakarta, 12540, Indonesia
Ferda Ernawan, Faculty of Information Technology, Universitas Nusa Mandiri, Pasar Minggu Jakarta Selatan, Jakarta, 12540, Indonesia AND Faculty of Computing, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Pekan Pahang, 26600, MalaysiaFollow
Agit Amrullah, Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas AMIKOM Yogyakarta, Ring Road Utara Condong Catur Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55283, Indonesia
Mohd Arfian Ismail, Faculty of Computing, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Pekan Pahang, 26600, Malaysia

Abstract

Image watermarking is a technique used to ensure the legitimacy of ownership by safeguarding images. This research presented the Firefly algorithm–IWT-SVD to enhance resistance and robustness performance against different type of attacks. The cover image is split into blocks of 4×4 pixels, and each block is then computed by IWT-SVD. The Firefly algorithm is used to determine the appropriate scaling factor to incorporate the watermark using a predefined set of principles. The watermarked images have been evaluated under various attacks such as noise addition, filtered image, compressed image and scaled image. The experimental results demonstrate exceptional imperceptibility, with an average PSNR value of 39.8489 dB and a SSIM value of 0.9993. The proposed scheme achieved a strong robustness performance, with an average NC value of 0.92.

Recommended Citation

Khuluq, Anjahul; Ernawan, Ferda; Amrullah, Agit; and Ismail, Mohd Arfian (2024) "Image Watermarking using Firefly Algorithm–IWT-SVD for Copyright Protection," Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 5: Iss. 4, Article 4.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1202
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol5/iss4/4