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Abstract

Modelling can provide intellectual frameworks that are necessary to translate data into knowledge.Mathematical modelling has played an important role in many applications, such as ecology, genetics, engineering,psychology, sociology, physics and computer science, in recent years. This study focused on reviewing mathematicalmodelling and its applications to biological systems by tracing many metabolic activities of cellular interactions onthe one hand and between the spread of epidemics and population growth on the other hand. Various mathematicalequations have played fundamental roles in the formation of these systems for model development proceduresby describing them mathematically and establishing relationships that characterise the dynamics of a biologicalphenomenon. Consequently, the creation of new mathematical representations and simulation algorithms is importantto the success of biological modelling initiatives. Finally, the optimisation approach performs its primary role indirecting and controlling interactions by adjusting the parameters that provide the best possible result for the system.

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